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National Drug Control Strategy Structure Research Paper
National Drug Control Strategy Structure - Research Paper Example There is a need to rethink the methodology that is being used. So as to...
Tuesday, February 18, 2020
Policemen and Firefighter jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Policemen and Firefighter jobs - Essay Example There are many things that these two careers have in common. However, each career includes features that set it apart as unique form the other. There is a very big difference between being a police officer and being a firefighter. When one has to choose between the two they are not called upon to make a very easy choice, although some are predisposed by their opinions to choose one or the other. Each person has their own particular reasons why they prefer the career that they chose. Some of the similarities of these two positions can be found in Table 1. Differences will be listed latter in this paper. There are three main points at which these career paths vary form one another. The careers of police and firefighters differ in purpose, perception, and priority. Table 1: Similarities between Police and Firefighters Police Firefighter Danger on the Job Danger on the Job Working with the public Working with the public Specialty Training required Specialty Training Required Government J ob Government Job Team Work Required Team Work Required Requires Organizational Skills Requires Organizational Skills Requires courage Requires Courage As listed in Table 1, both police and firefighters are exposed to danger when on the job. The danger of being a police officer comes mainly from dealing with criminals. Officers can be shot or otherwise hurt by violence. Many police officers die in the line of duty. It was reported that 56 American police officers were killed feloniously in 2010 (FBI National Press Office 2011).They also face a risk from injury when in purist of a suspect. The high speed car chases that they engage in can end in a horrible car crash. The danger imposed upon firefighters are not caused more often by people, but by natural elements, namely fire. It was reported that 87 firefighters were killed on the job in 2010, a figure that is higher than that of the police (USFA n.d.). Firefighters stand the risk of being burnt alive in an exploding building. Of co urse, one cannot fail to mention the September 11 attach on the world trade center where hundreds of firefighters were killed, although there were some police officers who also lost their lives. Firefighters also can die from smoke inhalation or expose to other chemicals. Many firefighters also serve as EMTââ¬â¢s (Emergency Medical Technicians) and can be placed in danger by being exposed to infectious patients. Both being a police officer and a firefighter are jobs that come with some risk of mortality. The positions of police officer and firefighter both require that the people works with the vernal public. After all, these are service jobs and these officers and firefighters work to grant serve to the genital population. The motto of many police districts contain the notions that the purpose of a police officer is to protect the public and serve them. Police officers do not just go around arresting people they think has committed a crime. They settle disputes among neighbors a nd even refer homeless people to shelters. They also work in monitoring and do odd jobs like directing traffic in the event of an accident or other emergency. Firefighters do a lot of the general public as well. They save people from burring buildings and perform inspections to ensure that homes are safe from the advent of a fire. These two careers are also similar in that they are both government jobs that requires specialized training. In order to become police officer, trainees must spend weeks living at an
Monday, February 3, 2020
North Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
North Korea - Essay Example The conditions of the prisons are pitiable. The government does not pay any attention to the malnutrition, people of the state are facing. Executions are carried out in public. Many people escape to China for survival but have to face severe punishments if caught (Amnesty International USA, 2007). North Korea has been given the worst freedom house rating, a score of 7-7. It is known as the worst violator of human rights. A lot of people have died of malnutrition and the government focuses on its own needs only (Freedom House, n.d.). The corruption perception index ranks various countries based on the level of corruption in their public offices. Because of the absence of required sets of data, North Korea has never been included in the CPI's (Transparency International, 2007). Economy The currency of North Korea is the North Korean won. GDP of a country is an estimate of its economy. North Korea has a GDP of $1,900 per capita. GDP (real growth rate) is 1.6%. GDP (purchasing power parity) is $40 billion. GDP per sector is: Agriculture - 30% Industry - 34% Services - 36% An estimate of the labor force is 10 million with 36% into agriculture and 64% in industry and services. The major agricultural products are rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs and major industries are related to military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining, metallurgy; textiles, food processing. The country receives an external food aid of $81.11 million. The external debt is of $12 billion. Total export is of $1.437 billion and total import is of $3.181 billion (CIA,... The Democratic People's Republic of Korea came into existence in 1948. Since independence the communist Korean Workerââ¬â¢s Party has ruled the country. The government of the country, under the leadership of Kim Jong Il, exhibits true dictatorship. There is a scarcity of food. Any person showing disrespect to KWP has to face tortures or even death penalties. The conditions of the prisons are pitiable. North Korea is in critical economic and political situation. There is a need to introduce new economic reforms to stabilize the financial condition of the country. Laws must be crafted for the benefit of the society and for reducing the crime rate. New technologies need to be adopted for the development of the country and independence from the external financial aids. With the worldââ¬â¢s least free economy figure of 3%, North Korea holds 157th place out of 157 countries. No international authority is allowed to collect countryââ¬â¢s economic information. North Korea has corruption rooted in every individualââ¬â¢s job profile. Government uses unlawful means of earning money, burdened with heavy international debts. There is no freedom of business or trade outside or within the country.
Sunday, January 26, 2020
Economy Of South Africa Economics Essay
Economy Of South Africa Economics Essay South Africas economy is the largest in Africa and is 24 of its GDP in terms of PPP.A quarter of the population is unemployed and real unemployment rate is 40. South Africa has a comparative advantage in agriculture, mining and various manufacturing products. It has shifted from a primary and secondary economy to an economy driven primarily by the tertiary sector which accounts for an estimated 65% of GDP. Its economy is reasonably diversified with key economic sectors including mining, agriculture and fishery, vehicle manufacturing and assembly, food-processing, clothing and textiles, telecommunication, energy, financial and business services, real estate, tourism, transportation, and wholesale and retail trade. The unemployment rate is over 25%, and the poor have limited access to economic opportunities. Including this many issues such as crime, have in turn hurt investment and growth, having a negative effect on employment. Crime is considered a major constraint on investment. South Africa has struggled through the late 2000s recession, and the recovery has been largely led by private and public consumption growth, while export volumes and private investment have yet to fully recover. The long-term potential growth rate of South Africa under the current policy environment has been estimated at 3.5%.Per capita GDP growth has proved mediocre, though improving, growing by 2.2% over the 2000-09 decade. This is a table of the trend of South Africas gross domestic product at market prices estimated by theà International Monetary Fund: Year GDP, USD bln US Dollar Exchange in early January Unemployment rate Per Capita Income,à % of USA 1980 80.547 0.8267 Rand 9.2 22.6 1985 57.273 2.0052 Rand 15.5 9.8 1990 111.998 2.5419 Rand 18.8 13.1 1995 151.117 3.5486 Rand 16.7 13.2 2000 132.964 6.1188 Rand 25.6 8.5 2005 246.956 5.6497 Rand 26.7 12.4 2010 363.655 7.462 Rand 24.9 15.5 2015 (fcast) 510.937 22.8 18.0 Economic overview of South Africa (Sector wise) Natural resources Mining has been the main driving force behind the history and development of Africas most advanced and richest economy. Large scale mining started with the discovery of a diamond on the banks of the Orange River in 1867 by Erasmus Jacobs and the subsequent discovery and exploitation of the Kimberley pipes. The Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the subsequent rapid development of the gold field are the biggest of all. Though minings contribution to the national GDP has fallen from 21% in 1970 to 6% in 2011, it represents 60% of exports. The mining sector accounts for up to 9% of value added. In 2008, the countrys estimated share of world platinum production amounted to 77%; kyanite and other materials, 55%; chromium, 45%; palladium, 39%; vermiculite, 39%; vanadium, 38%; zirconium, 30%; manganese, 21%; rutile, 20%; ilmenite, 19%; gold etc. It also accounted for nearly 5% of the worlds polished diamond production. The countrys share of world reserves of platinum metals amounted to 89%; hafnium, 46%; zirconium, 27%; vanadium, 23%; manganese, 19%; rutile, 18%; fluorspar, 18%. It is worlds third largest exporter of coal. Agriculture and food processing The agricultural industry contributes 10% of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts, as well as providing work for laborers and contributing 2.6% of GDP. Due to the aridity of the land, only 13.5% can be used for crop production. Agriculture sector face problems of increased foreign competition and crime. Maize production, which contributes to a 36% has also experienced negative effects due to climate change. South Africas critical exports include edible fruit and nuts, beverages, preserved food, tobacco, cereals, wool , miscellaneous food, sugar, meat, milling products and starch. Important imports include: cereals, meat, soya-bean oil cake, soya-bean oil and its fractions, tobacco, palm oil and its fractions, spices, coffee, tea, and preserved food. The competitive pressures from China and India resulted in decline of exports for the food, textiles and paper sub-sectors. Manufacturing The manufacturing industry contributes just 13.3% of jobs and 15% of GDP. Labor costs are low, and the cost of the transport, communications and general living is higher. The automotive industry is about 10% of South Africas manufacturing exports, contributes 7.5% to the countrys GDP. BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, Daimler-Chrysler, General Motors and Toyota all have production plants in South Africa and the large component manufacturers are Arvin Exhaust, Bloxwitch, Corning and Senior Flexonics. Companies producing in South Africa can take advantage of low production costs and access to new markets due to trade agreements with the European Union and the Southern African Development Community. Service industry Telecommunications infrastructure provides efficient service to urban areas as to cellular and internet services. In 1997, Telkom, was partly privatised and entered into a strategic equity partnership with SBC, a U.S. telecommunications company. In exchange of providing certain services for 5 years, Telkom assumed an obligation to facilitate network modernisation and expansion into the unserved areas. Five companies provides service to 20 million subscribers and South Africa considered to have the 4th most advanced mobile telecommunications network worldwide. Business process outsourcing South Africa and particularly the Cape Town region established itself as a successful Call center and business process outsourcing destination with a highly talented pool of productive labor. The Carphone warehouse, Delta airlines and others have established inbound call centers within Cape Town as a means of utilizing Cape Towns low labor costs and talented labor. Tourism South Africa is a popular tourist destination, with around 860,000 arrivals per month. Revenue equaling between 1% and 3% of GDP is generated by the tourism industry. Among the main attractions are the picturesque culture, the game reserves and local wines. Financial services The country has a sophisticated financial structure with the JSE Securities Exchange, a large and active stock exchange in terms of total market capitalization as of March 2009. The banking industry regulated by the South African Reserve Bank is dominated by four local players: Nedbank, ABSA, Standard Bank and First Rand. Banks operating in South Africa, when left with short of liquidity, need to borrow from the SARB at a fluctuating repo rate. Income Distribution South Africa is affected by vast differences in incomes and wealth. The high level of overall income inequality has accentuated: the countrys Gini coefficient increased by four percentage points, and income has concentrated in the top decile. Rural poverty rates remain higher than those in urban areas, urban poverty rates are rising and rural rates seem to be falling. Between-race inequality also remains a central issue and many blacks in the country still live in poverty. National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data suggests that 47% of South Africans live below the poverty line: 56% of blacks live in poverty compared to 2% of whites. Human Poverty Index ranked South Africa 85 out of 135 countries. A 2011 study published by the University of Cape Town found that nearly 40% are black, where this group had once been almost exclusively white. While only 29% of the absolute wealthiest South Africans are black, this jumps to 50% among the entry-level. Current Economic scenario Trends: Monetary Policyà The primary objective of monetary policy in the country is to achieve and maintain price stability and balanced economic development. Price stability reduces uncertainty and therefore, provides a favourable environment for growth and employment. Moreover low inflation contributes to the protection of the purchasing power of all South Africans specially poor. The Bank has full operational autonomy. Monetary policy is set by the Banks Monetary Policy Committee,à which conducts monetary policy within a flexibleà inflation-targeting framework andà it allows for inflation to be out of the target range as a result of first-round effects of a supply shock. This flexibility does not relieve the Bank of its responsibility with respect to returning inflation to within the target range but allows for interest rate smoothing over the cycle. GDP Growth Rate of South Africa GDP % (Yearly) Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GDP % 0.6 3 2.6 3 1.9 3.5 4.9 5 5.1 3.1 -1.8 2.8 3.1 Inflation Rate of South Africa Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%) Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Inflation rate 5.5 5.3 5.8 9.9 5.9 4.5 4 5 6.5 11.3 7.2 4.5 5 Unemployment Rate of South Africa Unemployment rate (%) Year 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Unemployment rate (%) 30 30 37 37 26.2 26.6 25.5 24.3 22.9 24 23.3 24.9 Imports of South Africa Imports (Billion $) Year 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Imports 26 27.6 28.1 26.6 33.89 39.42 52.97 61.53 90.57 66.01 77.04 102.6 Exports of South Africa Exports (Billion $) Year 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Export 28 30.8 32.3 31.8 36.77 41.97 50.91 59.15 86.12 66.54 76.86 104.5 Foreign Exchange rates in South Africa (Dec., 2012) Tthe comparison of South African rand with top ten countries as per trade. South African Rand 1.00 ZAR inv. 1.00 ZAR Euro 0.087595 11.416206 US Dollar 0.114545 8.730185 British Pound 0.071077 14.06928 Indian Rupee 6.204247 0.16118 Australian Dollar 0.109217 9.156089 Canadian Dollar 0.11348 8.8121 Emirati Dirham 0.420736 2.37679 Swiss Franc 0.106176 9.418325 Chinese Yuan Renminbi 0.71349 1.401561 Malaysian Ringgit 0.349072 2.864742 foreign Direct investment Foreign direct investment flows to South Africa from 43.6% in the first half of 2012 compared to the same period last year, while FDI rose by 5%. The decline in FDI to Africas biggest economy came amid an 8% drop in global FDI inflows because of heightened global economic uncertainty. The report said FDI inflows to South Africa fell to $1.7-billion in the first six months of 2012 , reflecting sluggish domestic economic growth as well as a slowdown in developed economies. The IMF forecasts South African GDP growth of 2.6% this year, and recently cut its 2013 growth forecast to 3% from a July projection of 3.3%, due to its close links to struggling Europe. The IMF has also trimmed its 2012 forecast for Africa to 5% from 5.4% but raised its projection for 2013 to 5.7% from 5.3%. SOUTH AFRICA BALANCE OF TRADE C:UsersMicrosenseDesktopsouth-africa-balance-of-trade.png SOUTH AFRICA INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION C:UsersMicrosenseDesktopsouth-africa-industrial-production.png Industrial Production in South Africa increased 2.50 percent in October of 2012 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in South Africa is reported by the Statistics South Africa. In South Africa, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
How Money and Appearance Control the World Essay
This is an often discussed topic but I want to talk about both sides ,the supeficial and material Barbie and those who only care about the qualities ,because I canââ¬â¢t decide which side is better and can find both worlds deep in myself. I know judging is a bad thing but most of the people is judging and they just donââ¬â¢t want to admit it. I donââ¬â¢t want to start a debate but I think I need to write this down. I want to start with the supeficial and material people. I classify more and more people to this group. A lot of people say that itââ¬â¢s the societyââ¬â¢s mistake, but we are part of the society so when they say this satement it like blaming ourselves, but I know those people who started living their life in a superficial way are part of the society either. We have to care about our body thatââ¬â¢s why we have it. Iââ¬â¢m not saying that everybody have to be a supermodel with sky-high legs and panther body, but compared to the possibility of everyone should bring out the best of himself or herself. Grooming, dressing sophisticated, stylish and sophisticated look, sport and healthy livingâ⬠¦ The outside affects the inside and the look has its expressive power. I think thatââ¬â¢s enough of the superficiality but I didnââ¬â¢t really talk about the money and what these people think about it. Itââ¬â¢ll be weird what I want to say but I think itââ¬â¢s true. Itââ¬â¢s better to be rich when youââ¬â¢re superficial. I know it sounds terrible but if someone cannot afford designer clothes and jewellery it can make him or her depression. I know some people like that. They live according to the bigger the better principle, exept clothes. The bigger house, the better car, the remote holiday the valnuable you are. Some of them do things just because these hobbies are make them look richer. I can say that money controls the world. I think thatââ¬â¢s enough of this kind of living,but Iââ¬â¢m not saying having thousands of clothes, millions and houses in different countries but have no emotions is the life that everybody wants to have but a lot of people is dreaming about a life like that until they find out what itââ¬â¢s like live like when only money can make you smile. Letââ¬â¢s see the other side.These people say that appearance is nothing and only the inside is important. I can partly agree with them, but sometimes they donââ¬â¢t care about their appearance at all. And this is not appealing to me. I think a quote is really needed here.â⬠I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.â⬠I think judging someone by the color of their skin is uncool. And itââ¬â¢s really unfair not to employ someone because he or she is afro-american or came from another country. I also hate stereotypes like chinesee people are like calculators and they eat cats. And this was just one from the hundreds. Some researches proved some interesting facts like blodies get paid more but fat people get less money. If youââ¬â¢re handsome youââ¬â¢re handsomely paid. Nowadays more and more songs and books are about superficial and selfish girls. A classical song about these boys and girls is:Shania Twain: Donââ¬â¢t impress me so much. I think this song expressess all those things that these people think. She says that you donââ¬â¢t need to have a lot of money to get her. I agree with her and those people who think you donââ¬â¢t need to be rich and famous,you should be kind and nice to find a girl. A lot of women are trying to find Prince Charming but he dosenââ¬â¢t exist. I think I wrote enough about both sides and I wrote things which are not insulting. I think there could be a third group in which there are people like I, who canââ¬â¢t decide, who thinks both sides have itââ¬â¢s advanteges and disadvantages. The best thing you can do is be who you are.
Friday, January 10, 2020
Winter Wonderland
Winter Wonderland I wake up to the sun heating my cold feet under my warm fuzzy blanket. The room is filled with silence as I slide out of the coziness of my covers to look outside the window. To my delightful surprise, tiny ice crystals are falling from the sky creating a white blanket on the world. In a hurry, I put on my thick heavy jacket, slide on my hefty boots, and dress my hands with my favourite waterproof gloves. I rush onto my snow-covered yard, thinking that my favourite season, winter, is finally here.With the grace of snowfall, this winter will be beautiful to look upon, fun to play within, and fills your heart with warmth. A fresh scent of pine fills the air as the bright snow gently lands on the tip of your nose. The sight of every white pine tree around you takes your breath away. Sunlight sits in the horizon while cotton-like snow falls from the sky creating random patterns. The sun beams through the snow creating sparkles like a diamond. The true beauty of nature i s only evident when the world turns into this wintery paradise. Being surrounded by pure beauty makes me feel alive.Along with its beauty, the snow creates a festival of fun. Snow crunches under my feet when I run across the fields of white fluff. The sound of screaming kids buzzes through my ear as they make their way down slippery slopes. When you pick a hand full of snow, the warmth in your gloves prevent your hands from freezing. The cold snow crunches between your gloves as you shape it into a ball. When you snowboard down the steep hill you can feel the cool wind cresting against you. Your hair dances along your cold face and the snow slushes beneath you.Every moment in the comfort of this white snowy blanket is a moment to remember. When you finally get tired of all that fun, you run inside to a steaming cup of hot chocolate mixed with big marshmallows resting upon its surface. The aroma of the hot chocolate is like a breeze of fresh air. You can feel the warmth filling your throat. Your heart is filled with the same warmth and kindness as you comfort your hands with the heat from the sparkling fire. Snow is a blessing from heaven that completes winter. The beauty of snow sparkles in everyone eyes.Outside, you see everyone laughing and playing in the scenery of snow. Indoors, the sound of the crackling fire and the sipping of hot chocolate echoes through the room. With the grace of snowfall, this winter was beautiful to look upon, fun to play within, and filled my heart with warmth. Rippan Brar English 10 Winter Wonderland I. Introduction A. Snowy mornings give you the best feeling. B. Thesis: Snow completes winter because it's beautiful, fun, and fills you with warmth.II. Snow is beautiful. A. You can see blankets of snow. B. The smell of pine is fresh. C. Snow is pure beauty. III. Snow is fun. A. Snowballs B. Snowboarding C. Sleighing IV. Snow fills you with warmth. A. The are different ways to rest after playing in the snow. B. Hot chocolate smells, tastes, and feels good. C. Heart is filled with warmth V. Conclusion A. Snow is a blessing from heaven. B. Snow changes what you do inside and outside. C. Restate Thesis: Winter is incomplete without snow because snow is beautiful, fun, and fills you with warmth.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Music Loves Fashion Essay - 1190 Words
| Music Loves Fashion | | | Emily Poe, Nina Martinez, Josh Sandoval | 4/5/2011 | Research showing that in todayââ¬â¢s society music has a big influence on what people choice to wear. We conducted surveys and distributed them though different web facilities. We asked people ââ¬Å"How does Country/ Hip-Hop influences your fashion? ââ¬Å" | Nina Martinez Emily Poe Josh Sandoval Music Loves Fashion History shows that music influences society with the choices we make regarding clothing fashion, fads and styles. A wide range of fashion styles appear in music videos and music award programs. Everything that the music industry embodies can cause lasting effects on the people who listen to it. Additionally, music can cause manyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The group leader and editor of the final draft became Ninaââ¬â¢s job. The group assigned Emily secondary editor, the graphics layout artist and production manager. Josh worked in finding research that would help assist us in our project. Doing the research this way helped to find more information and combine our ideas more efficiently and equally. Our group could all agree on wanting to find the similarities between music and fashion. We chose to narrow the topic down and ask people, ââ¬Å"How does country and hip-hop music influence your fashion?â⬠In order to find this information, we included thirteen questi ons in the survey. They ranged from gender, ethnicity, age, education level, to favorite genre of music. The group wanted to establish any influences that music might have on fashion. We hoped our questions would expose us to a wide range of people and their opinions about music. The key elements that we needed to establish became how many and what group of people music influenced most on their fashion choices. Distributing the surveys using an online free survey maker, we each posted it on Facebook, MySpace, and Blackboard. For people we wanted to survey, but did not have web facilities, we printed them out and acquired their answers that way. At the end of the survey, the team gathered 88 responses, 55 from females and 33 from males. When we tallied the results, we were shocked to see how honest people were and how much people reallyShow MoreRelated Pop Culture in 1960s and 1990s Essay802 Words à |à 4 Pagesand expression. With the nineties coming to a close and the popul arity of anything ?retro, I decided to compare the fashions, people, music, and issues that defined pop culture in the 1960?s and its influence on pop culture in the 1990?s. à à à à à In the 1960?s, society was changing by the minute and fashion was ?anything goes?. In the early sixties, Jackie Kennedy influenced fashion with her elegant, stylish outfits and her trademark pillbox hat. In the late sixties, the ?mod look? was popularizedRead MoreLady Gaga Research Paper1154 Words à |à 5 PagesRichard Gray Public Speaking Informative Speech Good evening. Iââ¬â¢m here today to talk about Now how many of you have heard of Lady Gaga has become the most influential Pop music artist of our time. An artists job is to take an image, be it through words or sound, lyrics or song; that explains what its like to be alive at that time. What makes Lady Gagas art so unique is that it captures the period were in right now. Lady Gaga has in the last year and a half become a household name. MaybeRead MoreThe Case Of 1984 912 Words à |à 4 Pagesher mom and increased affection for music from her. This enthusiasm for human expressions took Minaj to the famous LaGuardia High School of Music Art and Performing Arts, where she studied acting. 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Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Dec Term Paper
Essays on Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Decision Matrix Term Paper The paper ââ¬Å"Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Decision Matrixâ⬠is an impressive example of a term paper on management. On a daily basis, people are faced with decisions some of which are small while others are big. However, people arrive at their decisions in different ways depending on various factors. Some of the factors that influence decision making include internal and external influences. The decision-making process is also faced with many competing forces. For example, a decision on the type of accommodation to go for can be determined by many factors such as security, cost of buying versus the cost of renting, accessibility and social amenities among others.Factors that impact decision makingInternal influencesOne of the internal factors that affect decision making is an individualââ¬â¢s perception. Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their cognitive impressions to apply the meaning to their enviro nment. Every individual has a perception of what reality is and not what is reality itself. These individuals also base their behavior on those perceptions because the world that they perceive is behaviorally important to them. Perception is influenced by the attitudes, interests, experiences, and expectations of the perceiver, the target and the situation in terms of time, social situation and work setting. Attribution Theory explains the perception that when individuals observe a certain behavior, they personally try to determine whether that behavior is internally or externally caused. Internally caused behavior is one under the personal control of the individual while externally caused where the outside forces force one to behave in a particular manner (Schkade Johnson, p220).Another internal influence of decision making is learning. Learning involves the use of concepts that have been taught either at home by the parents or in school by the teachers. As we grow up, these two p eople influence how we do so many things. One can, therefore, make a decision depending on what was taught to him or her by the teacher or the parents. For example, a decision that may involve considering the costs, one may use economic concepts taught by the teachers to reach a certain economically effective decision. One can also learn from what the parents have done in the past. For example on making a decision on accommodation, one can consider how the parents went about and if it worked well, the same decision can also be adopted (Hess, Queen, Patterson, p35).The other internal influence on decision making is motivation. Motivation is explained by expectancy theory that a person may decide to act in a certain manner because they are motivated to select that behavior over others because of the results they expect to form that behavior. In other words, motivation to make a certain decision is influenced by the expected outcomes (Deci, p110). Therefore decision making based on mo tivation focuses on the expected results. For example when making a decision on acquiring accommodation, one may consider the accruing benefits of fore example buying a house or renting it. Benefits such as good infrastructure, security, and financial gains may be some of the outcomes that may drive one into making a decision of buying a house rather than renting.
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