Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Dec Term Paper

Essays on Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Decision Matrix Term Paper The paper â€Å"Eternal and Internal Factors That Influence the Decision-Making, a Decision Matrix† is an impressive example of a term paper on management. On a daily basis, people are faced with decisions some of which are small while others are big. However, people arrive at their decisions in different ways depending on various factors. Some of the factors that influence decision making include internal and external influences. The decision-making process is also faced with many competing forces. For example, a decision on the type of accommodation to go for can be determined by many factors such as security, cost of buying versus the cost of renting, accessibility and social amenities among others.Factors that impact decision makingInternal influencesOne of the internal factors that affect decision making is an individual’s perception. Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their cognitive impressions to apply the meaning to their enviro nment. Every individual has a perception of what reality is and not what is reality itself. These individuals also base their behavior on those perceptions because the world that they perceive is behaviorally important to them. Perception is influenced by the attitudes, interests, experiences, and expectations of the perceiver, the target and the situation in terms of time, social situation and work setting. Attribution Theory explains the perception that when individuals observe a certain behavior, they personally try to determine whether that behavior is internally or externally caused. Internally caused behavior is one under the personal control of the individual while externally caused where the outside forces force one to behave in a particular manner (Schkade Johnson, p220).Another internal influence of decision making is learning. Learning involves the use of concepts that have been taught either at home by the parents or in school by the teachers. As we grow up, these two p eople influence how we do so many things. One can, therefore, make a decision depending on what was taught to him or her by the teacher or the parents. For example, a decision that may involve considering the costs, one may use economic concepts taught by the teachers to reach a certain economically effective decision. One can also learn from what the parents have done in the past. For example on making a decision on accommodation, one can consider how the parents went about and if it worked well, the same decision can also be adopted (Hess, Queen, Patterson, p35).The other internal influence on decision making is motivation. Motivation is explained by expectancy theory that a person may decide to act in a certain manner because they are motivated to select that behavior over others because of the results they expect to form that behavior. In other words, motivation to make a certain decision is influenced by the expected outcomes (Deci, p110). Therefore decision making based on mo tivation focuses on the expected results. For example when making a decision on acquiring accommodation, one may consider the accruing benefits of fore example buying a house or renting it. Benefits such as good infrastructure, security, and financial gains may be some of the outcomes that may drive one into making a decision of buying a house rather than renting.

Earliest Civilization is the Region of Mesopotamia Because...

A civilization is recognized as such by its form of written language. For this reason, the earliest civilization is recognized in the region of Mesopotamia with their language of Cuneiform. This ancient form of written language was inscribed on clay tablets that still remain in tact and are being salvaged hundreds of thousands of years later. Even more impressive than just writing the language, however, is the ancient Babylonians’ early mathematical discoveries. These were also recorded with cuneiform and recorded on clay tablets, and like the language, served as an early interpretation of mathematical principles that influence arithmetic all over the world today. Dating back to the second and third milennia BC, Babylonians were so†¦show more content†¦The Babylonians used pre-calculated tables to assist with arithmetic. Perhaps the most amazing aspect of the Babylonians calculating skills was their construction of tables to aid calculation. Two tablets found at Senke rah on the Euphrates in 1854 date from 2000 BC. They give squares of the numbers up to 59 and cubes of the numbers up to 32. Most frequently Babylonians utilized tables of squares and cubes to simplify multiplication. The concept of reciprocals was also first introduced by the Babylonians. Because they did not have a method for long division, they were able to recognize that using their sexiagesimal system of numbers, numbers with two, three, and five, had finite factors of which tables have been found. For numbers not containing one of the finite factors, the Babylonians used approximation reciprocals. The pre-calculated tables method is also how the Babylonians incorporated algebra in their number system. They were the first people to use the quadratic equation, though not in its exact form. They used the form x2+bx=c which, when solved, can be interpreted as x=-b/2-√(b/2)+c which more closely resembles the modern quadratic equation. Using their arithmetic tables of squares, the Babylonians were able to interpret them in reverse to find square roots. Because everything was a real problem, they always used the positive root when solving. Most commonly squares were used for findingShow MoreRelatedCivilization: Which Aspects Define1491 Words   |  6 PagesAlex Hummel World Civilization 1 Midterm Paper Civilization is a word that cannot be used too loosely. How then, is civilization defined? It is difficult to define in one word or phrase because a complex society or â€Å"civilization† depends on many different aspects. There are characteristics of a civilization that are more essential than others, some of which may be more important to one group than to another. However, a definition for civilization can be narrowed down to a few fundamentalRead MoreThe Sumerian Deities : Religion1634 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch paper on the Sumerian Deities because Religion has always seemed to be such an interesting topic in my opinion. I find it fascinating to learn how an ancient civilization can build itself from the ground up, establish a form of writing, its own language, and also its own religion. Ancient Mesopotamia was home of some of the world’s earliest cities and the place where writing was first invented. Our knowledge of the civilization of ancient Mesopotami a is constantly expanding. Sumerian writtenRead MoreAncient Civilizations Of Mesopotamia And Mesopotamia1851 Words   |  8 Pages Sumerian (3500-2300BC)Babylonian (1792-1750 BC) both belong to civilizations of Mesopotamia, but they existed different period. 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Cuneiform scriptsRead MoreThe Neolithic Era And The Paleolithic Era2121 Words   |  9 Pagesi. The Paleolithic Era began at the beginning of human life and ended 12 thousand years ago. The era was given the nickname â€Å"The Old Stone Age† because stone was used both in tools and to make tools. One of the most important tools used by humans was the spear. Spears were made for hunting for food and protection from dangerous wildlife. During the Paleolithic Era the climate was much colder than the present. This made food limited so humans had to follow the migration of game. ii. Hunter-gatherersRead MoreHow Did The Invention Of Agriculture Allowed Stable Subsistence Of The Human Population?1939 Words   |  8 PagesBeginning of Bronze Age; Early River Valley Civilizations Along with agriculture, metallurgy helped revolutionize food production. Metal tools were more durable and efficient. The organized operations of mining, smelting, and casting required the specialization of labor and the production of surplus food to support a class of artisans, while the search for raw materials stimulated the exploration and colonization of new territories. 2900 BCE: Cuneiform writing The first writing system in the worldRead MoreWorld History hw essay22316 Words   |  10 PagesHistory to 1500-51337 February 24, 2015 Rise of Civilizations Egypt and Mesopotamia were two civilizations existing during the time period of 2000-1200 BCE. These civilizations were shaped by their environment, involved with trade, and faced changes in government after the 100 year drought; however, they differed in that Egypt was shaped by the Nile, traded goods for goods and changed their outlook on the pharaoh who was ruler of all; whereas, Mesopotamia was shaped by the Tigris and Euphrates, tradedRead MoreThe Law of Hammurabi in Mesopotamia and Babylon815 Words   |  3 PagesHammurabi, King and ruler of Babylon from 1792-1750 B.c at the beginning of his rein, Mesopotamia was divided into many city states, all with their own patterns of shifting rules, but Hammurabi eventually brought the entire region under his control, he collected laws from varied city states, and wrote down a set of codes, that soon governed the entire area (King 56). Hammurabi’s written code allowed lot to be a matter of public knowledge and so help advance the rule of law in society. Babylon’s greatRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages1 The Birth of Civilization Mohenjo-Daro Figure. Scholars believe this limestone statue from about 2500 B.C.E. depicts a king or a priest from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a definingRead MoreGeography Of The Fertile Crescent1835 Words   |  8 Pagesflow in the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent, is called the Mesopotamia (Greek for â€Å"land between the rivers†). At least once a year the rivers flooded Mesopotamia, as the water receded it left a thick bed of silt. In this silt farmers could plant and harvest enormous amounts of wheat and barley, and the surpluses this gave allowed for villages to grow. 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Chapter One My Story My Evil Twin English Literature Essay free essay sample

Shortly after my divorce, I rented a unit while my new house was being built in a neighbouring suburb of Marsden Brisbane, Qld. The suburb where I lived temporarily ( Loganlea ) was a pretty unsmooth suburbaˆÂ ¦ to state the least! Trouble started non long after we moved in. First, my auto was stolen. The constabulary found it a few yearss subsequently wholly wreckedaˆÂ ¦but the stealers failed to torch the auto and destruct any grounds. This allowed the constabulary to do a speedy apprehension. My auto was insured, so I was able to buy a used auto with the insurance returns and finance. That was non the terminal of the problemaˆÂ ¦ A few months subsequently ; I was at work when I received a phone call from my bank director. Apparently, my cheque history was overdrawn and person was at the bank trying to hard currency in another cheque. I had merely merely been paid and I knew that there should be a important balance to my history. The stealers were Joshua and another young person who lived in the vicinity. Apparently, they had stolen one of my cheque books, written out a figure of cheques and forged my signature. They waited until my wage was paid into my bank history and so cleaned it out. Together, they had created rather luxuriant paperss, which they used to turn out their individualities. I told the bank that the dealing was deceitful and the bank staff called the constabulary. The male childs were caught in the act, arrested and charged with larceny. Joshua and his friend were minor, so they were placed on a good behavior bonds. Joshua moved in with his female parent and Brian refunded the stolen money. Six months subsequently there was another housebreaking into my unit but nil appeared to be stolen. I must state that I was glad to travel into my new place in July 1994. Equally far as I was concerned, that was the terminal of a tough portion of my life and I looked frontward to a new beginning. In 1996, my auto had clocked up high milage and was get downing to see mechanical jobs. I decided that it was clip to buy a new auto. That s when my existent individuality larceny jobs surfaced. Up to this point, I had an first-class recognition history and a stable, high paying calling as an comptroller. The auto purchase was continuing really good until my finance application was declined. I protested that there must hold been a error. The finance people at the auto franchise courteously advised me to look into with the recognition bureau for farther information. The bureau advised me that in June 1995, an unbarred loan was taken out in my name for $ 5000. My old residential reference and employment inside informations were given in support of the application. Remember, I had moved into my new house a twelvemonth earlieraˆÂ ¦ . 1st July 1994. In 1996, individuality larceny was comparatively unknown offense. When I reported the larceny, I felt that I was non believed. I was really accused by aggregation staff of seeking to avoid paying my measures. Fortunately, I have had a long-standing wont of maintaining all my of import certification for at least seven old ages. I was able to utilize certification such as telephone statements, electricity measures, bank statements, recognition card statements etc to turn out my residence! In 1995, I became a victim of individuality larceny! A canvasser advised me that it could take old ages and a pile of money to work out my individuality larceny instance aˆÂ ¦and so there were no warrants. He advised me to cut my losingss and pay the debt. At least the payment would be updated on my recognition file and it would be removed from the file after five old ages. During that five-year period, I would likely non be able to borrow money! Of class, I suspected my former flatmates. The canvasser besides advised me that the constabulary would likely non be able to turn out that my former flatmates were responsible for the individuality larceny. They would most likely deny it and it would be hard to acquire difficult grounds needed for a condemnable test. Further, my personal information could hold been stolen during the housebreaking to my level in 1994. Two old ages had passed between the clip the individuality larceny occurred ( June 1995 ) and the clip I tried to buy the new auto ( September 1996 ) . Since there were no specific Torahs sing individuality larceny, turn outing fraud without difficult grounds was impossible. The sum stolen was little so he advised me to unclutter the debt and hope that it did nt go on once more. As an individuality larceny victim, I was left in a hopeless state of affairs. An unknown individual had stolen my personal information and used my name to acquire finance. The job was that the individuality stealers could strike againaˆÂ ¦ . at any clip! I was confronting an unsure hereafter and possible fiscal ruin! However, I determined that I was non traveling to be an individuality larceny victimaˆÂ ¦ so I decided to strike back. I obtained a transcript of my recognition study and identified the deceitful dealing. Armed with back uping certification, I approached the recognition bureau and the original loaner. I explained my instance to them and tried unsuccessfully to acquire the deceitful entries removed from the recognition file. In the terminal, we agreed to a colony where I paid the outstanding measure because it was a little sum. In return, they would put a note recognition file explicating the fortunes of the individuality larceny. In entire, it took me about six months and cost about $ 1000 to mend my recognition file. It surely was nt an ideal settlementaˆÂ ¦but it was the best I could acquire at the clip! The good intelligence was that I was able to buy my new auto. The procedure of covering with individuality larceny can be a long and disputing one, peculiarly if you do nt hold the grounds you need to turn out your instance. You must maintain all your fiscal records such as recognition cards, bank statements, telephone A ; electricity measures ; and personal designation informations such as passports and driver s licenses, every bit good as printouts of your recognition file. However, your best attempts may non forestall individuality larceny from go oning. If you do go a victim, you must move rapidly to mend the harm and salvage your recognition standing. In September 1999, I moved from Brisbane to Melbourne calling related grounds. I changed my calling from accounting to information engineering and was gaining a six figure one-year income. I was foremost connected to the Internet in 1998 at the start of the dotcom eraaˆÂ ¦ and was a complete Internet novitiate! At first, I received really few electronic mails because merely my close friends knew my e-mail reference. As I began surfing the net, I became interested in on-line merchandises and began finishing online signifiers. Within a month I started having electronic mails from people and concerns that I neer knew. Thingss were looking good untilaˆÂ ¦ In 2001, I received an e-mail promoting an Internet Seminar to be held in Melbourne. I wanted to larn how to put up an Internet concern, so I attended the seminar. Unbeknown to me, the booster of this seminar was an Internet swindler. He made his life from unsuspicious people like me! He offered on-line concern seminars, but what I shortly learned was that the existent ground for the seminars was to capture every attendant s personal inside informations and sell them to Internet stealers! The undermentioned incident occurred shortly after I had attended that Internet seminar! Monday 15 October 2001 is a day of the month etched in my head! I logged on to my computing machine to look into my bank histories, as it was my payday. I normally checked my personal bank histories to verify that financess deposited into my history were OK. My bank history was OK, so I decided to reassign financess to my recognition card. Oh No! There was something incorrect with the history balances! They were out of balance by about $ 5000! I rapidly reconciled my last recognition card statement with any outstanding purchases. Yes, my recognition card balance was wrong! I found several unauthorised entries in my recognition card history. There was a little sedimentation of $ 2. Seven yearss subsequently, an sum of $ 2500 was deducted out of this history. Another sum of $ 2500 was scheduled to be deducted! My on a regular basis reconciled my bank and recognition card histories, so I knew that those purchases were wrong. Oh NoaˆÂ ¦ Not Again! Was this 1994 to 1997 all over once more? Overtaken with emphasis I realised my worst fearsaˆÂ ¦ Was I was an individuality larceny victim, once more? NO! I resolved that I would neer be a victim once more and I would contend individuality larceny and round itaˆÂ ¦ My old experience was priceless. The first thing I did was to inform the bank, who cancelled my recognition card and issued me with a new history Numberss. The Australian Bankss will ever vouch recognition card proprietors and refund of all deceitful minutess. Alternatively, they will keep the merchandiser responsible. The recognition card company reported the larceny to the constabulary who commenced an probe. I was relieved but my jobs were non over yet! The stealers still had my individuality inside informations and there was a existent hazard that they could take out new recognition in my name! I had to take farther stairss to protect myself. I ordered a transcript of my recognition file from Baycorp Advantage Ltd ( now Veda Advantage Ltd ) . Thankfully, there were no new recognition questions and the bureau placed a block on my file. This meant that no recognition application would be successful. At that clip, individuality larceny offenses were still comparatively rare. My old experience with individuality larceny came in really ready to hand. Keeping elaborate records like passport, driver s license, council rate notices and public-service corporation measures proved really helpful. This information allowed me to turn out my individuality and residence. In Australia, this information is needed to finish the 100-point cheque when opening a new bank history. Six months subsequently, the individuality stealers were arrested and subsequently convicted and jailed. The aureate regulation isaˆÂ ¦ the faster you detect individuality fraud, the smaller the fiscal harm is, and the Oklahoman the job can be fixed. So, how did I become an individuality larceny victim? I ever thought that I was really careful, so I undertook introspection to find where I went incorrectly. Here is what I found: I DID NOT have a cross-cut shredder to shred old fresh paperss ; I DID have pre-approved recognition card offers and DID NOT shred them before seting them in the rubbish ; I DID receive paper statements from Bankss and recognition card companies every month but DID NOT shop or dispose of them firmly ; I DID NOT see that people would seek my refuse for credit/financial information ; I DID NOT utilize a locked letter box or station office box to have my mail ; I DID go forth mail for pickup in an unbarred location ; I DID NOT look into for people who might be eaves-dropping when I was giving out sensitive fiscal information ; I DID NOT maintain my personal identifying information in a locked safe or in a protected country of my place ; I DID NOT maintain an oculus on my recognition cards whenever they left my custodies to avoid planing. I used to put my card in the measure folder the eating house staff used to present my measure and allow them take it to the teller for payment ; I was connected to the Internet, but in 2001 quality firewall or anti-virus package had non been invented. I had made a simple mistake of judgement by downloading and put ining a Free Internet security tool. The supposed intent of this free tool was to happen and destruct any viruses on my computing machine. Alternatively, it installed a Trojan Horse virus on my computing machine, so it could be hacked! The truth is that my completing of the on-line enrollment signifier gave the swindler excessively much information about me. I had given them my name, physical reference, e-mail reference and recognition card inside informations. The signifier was non secured and could easy be harvested by a hacker who used electronic harvest home equipment. How did the banking A ; recognition coverage system neglect? In my experience I believe that there were a figure of defects in the banking and recognition coverage system ( in 2001 ) : There should be a better system to verify the victim s residence history. Creditors and the recognition coverage bureaus should necessitate a figure of designation paperss to be produced which prove residence. The paperss should be consistent with each other and run into a point s cheque. For illustration, in Australia you are required to make 100-point cheque before you can open a bank history. Each prescribed papers is allocated a points value and must add up to at least 100 points. This should be compulsory on the constitution of any loan or recognition history. Most people do nt maintain old fiscal statements. How can a victim turn out their residence for any clip period? I doubt that most people would maintain their recognition card statements and public-service corporation measures, etc. Standardized signifiers should be used by all parties. These standardised signifiers should be used by recognition suppliers, motor vehicle enrollment, passport bureaus and recognition coverage bureaus. Completing assorted signifiers supplied by recognition suppliers is clip devouring. Repairing your recognition at recognition coverage bureaus is a really frustrating experience. It is seldom performed in seasonably, efficient, or effectual mode. When deceitful histories are erased from recognition studies, some points cryptically reappear months subsequently. Some deceitful enquiries still remain on the recognition study despite insistent attempts to hold them removed. It is the instance of being given the run around . The credit- coverage bureau merely removes deceitful mentions if the creditor advised them to take them. The creditor would merely take them if the culprit was caught and convicted etc. Victims can pass eternal sums of clip being sent from one bureau to the following! Victims of individuality larceny need free entree to their recognition study for several old ages. For illustration, I still need to supervise my recognition and guarantee that new deceitful histories are non opened. I can be victimized after the fraud qui vive expires. Banks take recognition card fraud earnestly because they accept the liability for misuseaˆÂ ¦ Unfortunately other creditors do non! They open new histories over the phone and so do nt accept liability for deceitful histories. How do authorities systems A ; processs fail? There are besides some general mistakes in authorities systems that need to be addressed: Personal designation Numberss like revenue enhancement file Numberss, Medicare Numberss and societal security Numberss are confidential pieces of information. They should non be used in system identifiers or portion of watchwords. Duplicate recognition card Numberss should be eliminated. Change of address presentments should be in composing. Credit Reporting bureaus and creditors should hold entree to the same database to verify that reliable reference alterations have been made. Standard confirmation processs should be used when goods are shipped to a bringing reference which is different from the remunerator s reference. Free recognition studies should be offered to persons at least one time a twelvemonth. Persons would pay hold to pay a rank fee so that they could have recognition studies on demand. Any unusual history opening behavior should be flagged by recognition coverage bureaus for farther probe. Credit coverage bureaus need to take more duty for unusual history activity. They are the first 1s to be alerted to fraud on an person s record. There should be minimal criterions for recognition coverage and recognition history gap processs. Fraud qui vives should be highlighted on the first page of the victim s recognition study. Fines should be imposed on merchandisers who fail to follow right history confirmation processs. My fight-back against individuality larceny I merely had myself to fault for this incident! It was wholly my mistake and I paid a monetary value for my one stupid mistakeaˆÂ ¦ my slack attitude toward on-line security! I resolved that I needed to acquire my ain house in order. I swore that I would neer once more go a victim of individuality larceny and educated myself about Internet security. I made some serious alterations to the manner I protected my personal informations online and offline. In 2002, I searched the Internet for free articles about individuality larceny and Internet security. There was some written stuff but it was frequently written in a proficient linguistic communication. Most non-technical readers found them difficult to understand. After researching the topics of individuality larceny and internet security I put together the undermentioned scheme. In order to protect myself from individuality larceny I must: 1. Stop the paper trail. Stop the reception of all paper based bank statements in the mail. I have been utilizing online banking since 2000 and have found it an first-class method of maintaining path of all my banking activities. Here, I download banking minutess from my bank s website straight into my accounting bundle, Quicken. You can make the same thing with other accounting bundles like QuickBooks and MYOB. You can besides download and salvage your bank statements in printable signifier direct to your computing machine desktop. You do nt even hold to publish them off. Stoping the reception of paper bank statements by mail is an first-class method for maintaining your personal fiscal inside informations safe. One of the chief beginnings of individuality larceny is stealing mail from your letter box, and bank statements are a premier mark. You should widen this pattern to all other personal paperss that can be used to go through the 100-point bank individuality cheque for making new bank histories e.g. phone measures, electricity A ; gas measures, council rates etc. It is besides of import to put locks on your letter box. 2. Keep my cards safe. Always keep strong physical security over my recognition and debit cards. All my cards now have electronic PIN Numberss for digital signature. I used to follow a common pattern of go forthing my recognition card in the measure folder restaurant staff served my table measure. This enabled the staff to take the card off for treating but it besides increased the hazard of card skimming. Now, I can do it compulsory for my PIN figure to be keyed in before the dealing is processed. PIN Numberss engineering has been a characteristic of debit cards for a long clip and the engineering has late been transported to recognition cards. You should ever guarantee physical safety at ATM s by merely utilizing machines in a high traffic country and non those that may be placed in an vague place. It is besides of import to be physically cognizant when runing the ATM machine. 3. Lock-up, shred or scan paperss. Ensure that any personal paper paperss are stored firmly and are shredded before they are placed in rubbish bins. The oldest and most popular method of individuality larceny is to steal old paperss from rubbish bins. Secure storage means that you must hold equal physical security including dismaies, locks and a papers safe. One of the best methods I have found for hive awaying paperss safely is to scan them into an electronic file. The files can so be transferred to a distant secure storage installation. 4. Keep path of my recognition history. Register with recognition coverage bureaus for elaborate recognition studies and recognition qui vives. Recognition studies detail your recognition history while recognition qui vives provide an automatic electronic mail warning when your recognition history is updated. You can so log in online, look into the inside informations and take any necessary action. When an enquiry is made on your recognition file, an qui vive is instantly emailed to you. I personally subscribe to the recognition mention site mycreditfile.com.au. One of the factors that individuality stealers rely upon is the fact that you are incognizant of what is go oning to your recognition history until it is excessively late. The best method of get the better ofing individuality larceny is taking timely action. 5. Security package is like a personal escort for my computing machine. When I purchased a new computing machine in 2002, the Norton Internet Security package was preinstalled. I had antecedently read articles in ezinarticles.com that had recommended this merchandise, so I was happy to utilize it. Earlier versions of Norton s Internet Security package made the computing machine run really easy. However, newer versions of the package have solved this job. The security steps I have now installed on my computing machine are: Anti-virus package to observe and destruct computing machine viruses ; Anti-spyware package to observe and destruct spyware and malware ; Anti-phishing package to alarm me of bogus web sites I may be sing ; Anti-spam package to observe and filtrate Spam ; Hardware router and a package firewall. YOU NEED NOT Be A VICTIM. Prevention IS BETTER THAN CURE. Read THIS BOOK NOW AND TAKE ACTION! Respects, Allen Cummingss

Light Essays - Light In August, Modernist Literature,

Light In August By Faulkner In the novel, A Light in August, William Faulkner introduces us to a wide range of characters of various backgrounds and personalities. Common to all of them is the fact that each is type cast into a certain role in the novel and in society. Lena is the poor, white trash southern girl who serves to weave the story together. Hightower is the fanatic preacher who is the dark, shameful secret of Jefferson. Joanna Burden is the middle-aged maiden from the north who is often accused of being a nigger-lover. And Joe Christmas is the epitome of an outsider. None of them are conventional, everyday people. They are all in some way disjointed from society; they do not fit in with the crowd. That is what makes them intriguing and that is why Faulkner documents their story. Percy Grimm is another such character and he plays a vital role in the novel. He is the one to finally terminate Joe Christmas, who has been suffering his entire life. Grimm is the enforcer, the one man who will uphold American pride at all costs. He also stands for everything in the world that has held Christmas back. He is the prototype of the ruthless enemy who is the source of all of Christmas struggles. And Christmas can never escape him. He can run, as he has been doing all his life and as he does in his desperate attempt to escape. But he can never hide, as he tries to do at Hightowers and as he has been hiding his true self from the world he hates so much. Percy Grimm represents the unmerciful society that has restrained and persecuted Joe Christmas; it is only fitting that he should be the one to finally bring him down in the end. Percy Grimm was born into the American south and grew up to be a symbol and backbone of the environment he was raised in. His only regret in life is being born too late. He feels that his sole purpose in life would be to fight in World War I and defend the country to which he is completely and utterly devoted. But the war happened to occur in the time period where he should have been a man instead of a child (Faulkner, p.450). So when he grows to be a man, he joins the National Guard, which is the closest thing to an army he can find. But instead of protecting the country from foreign enemies, his job with the National Guard entails protecting the country from certain things within itself. Joe Christmas and the situation he has created is a direct threat to Percy Grimm and the establishment he represents. Although Grimms primary objective is to protect Christmas from hostile crowds, Grimm is imprinted with a sort of primitive and instinctive hatred for who Joe Christmas is, what he is, and what he has done. Grimm sees him as a dangerous, unknown and more importantly nigger-blooded criminal. He had the nerve to violate and savagely murder a white woman who happened to be part of Grimms specifically drawn definition of American. He has adopted, adheres to, and enforces the belief that the white race is superior to any and all other races and that the American is superior to all other white races and that the American uniform is superior to all men, and that all that would ever be required of him in payment for this belief, this privilege, would be his own life (Faulkner, p.451). Percy Grimm is a tough, humorless, and forceful individual who commands the respect of others. He is always on some sort of mission involving the preservation of order and he is determined to use all of his resources to accomplish his goal. Grimm is referred to by Faulkner as the Player. His main purpose in the novel is to play the part of the executioner. Christmas does not stand much of a chance. Joe Christmas has always been hampered by a society that shuns him, alienates him, disgraces him and chases him away. Percy Grimm is the human representation of this society. The climactic chase scene between Grimm and Christmas is symbolic of how Christmas has been running from people and places all his life. He was on the road all the time and was never able to settle down in one place for a significant time period. Society never accepted his heritage and personality and so he was always running away from